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href=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/learn\/microeconomics\/#%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1\" >\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/learn\/microeconomics\/#%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C\" >\u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0648\u0631\u06cc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/learn\/microeconomics\/#%D8%B3%D9%87%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1\" >\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/learn\/microeconomics\/#%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%AE_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7\" >\u0646\u0631\u062e \u0633\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/learn\/microeconomics\/#%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B5_%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86_HHI\" >\u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u0647\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644-\u0647\u06cc\u0631\u0634\u0645\u0646 (HHI)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/learn\/microeconomics\/#%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84_%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%84\" >\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc \u0648 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class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/learn\/microeconomics\/#%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84\" >\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/learn\/microeconomics\/#%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3_Tokenomics_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2\" >\u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0633 (Tokenomics) 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href=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/learn\/microeconomics\/#%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85_%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B2_AMM\" >\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0645 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 (AMM)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/learn\/microeconomics\/#%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B4_%D9%86%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1\" >\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0646\u0647\u0646\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f 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\u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0628\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0642\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u06cc \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f-\u062e\u0631\u062f-microeconomics-\u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%AF_Microeconomics_%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%9F\"><\/span>\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f (Microeconomics) \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f (Microeconomics) \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u0648 \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0648 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0642\u0647\u0648\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0686\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0647\u0648\u0647 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0686\u0647 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u061b \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc <a href=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/currencies\/btc-bitcoin\" type=\"link\" id=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/currencies\/btc-bitcoin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u06cc\u0646<\/a> \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u06cc\u0632\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627\u060c \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a-\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f-\u062e\u0631\u062f-\u0648-\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f-\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0646-\u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%9F\"><\/span>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/learn\/macroeconomics\/\" type=\"post\" id=\"20145\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0646<\/a> \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0628\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u0627\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u00ab\u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0646\u00bb \u06cc\u0627 Microfoundations \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/learn\/inflation\/\" type=\"post\" id=\"14817\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645<\/a> \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u062f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background\"><thead><tr><th>\u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0646<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u061f<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0686\u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u061f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0634\u0634 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645\u060c GDP\u060c \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0628\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0648 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0631\u0632<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0634\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u06af\u0648\u0634\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u062f<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0648 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0648 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u062f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0637\u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0632 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0648 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f <strong>\u062e\u0631\u062f <\/strong>\u0627\u0632 <strong>\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627<\/strong> \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u061b \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f <strong>\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0646 <\/strong>\u0627\u0632 <strong>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646<\/strong> \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u061b \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645-\u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc-\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f-\u062e\u0631\u062f-\u06f7-\u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc-\u06a9\u0647-\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f-\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%9B_%DB%B7_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AF\"><\/span>\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f\u061b \u06f7 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627\u061b \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u06a9\u0634\u0634 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u06f1-\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647-\u0648-\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627-\u0642\u0644\u0628-\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f-\u062e\u0631\u062f\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%DB%B1_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B6%D9%87_%D9%88_%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%9B_%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%AF\"><\/span>\u06f1. \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627\u061b \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u06a9\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/crypto-price\/eth-price\" type=\"link\" id=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/crypto-price\/eth-price\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u0645<\/a>\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0647\u0648\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0632\u0639\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0634\u062a \u0632\u0639\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6a1463deb4c32&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a1463deb4c32\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1535\" height=\"1024\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/SUPPLY-DEMAND-CURVE.webp\" alt=\"\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627\" class=\"wp-image-20508\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/SUPPLY-DEMAND-CURVE.webp 1535w, https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/SUPPLY-DEMAND-CURVE-768x512.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1535px) 100vw, 1535px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u06f2-\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u062a-\u0648-\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646-\u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634-\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u062a-\u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%DB%B2_%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D9%88_%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4_%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C\"><\/span>\u06f2. \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u062a (Utility) \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f. \u0647\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u062a\u0632\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u067e\u06cc\u062a\u0632\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0633\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0630\u062a\u200c\u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0630\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0648\u0644.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Utility-microeconomics.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\" class=\"wp-image-20551\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Utility-microeconomics.webp 1536w, https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Utility-microeconomics-768x512.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/learn\/relationship-between-gold-and-bitcoin\/\" type=\"post\" id=\"2028\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0637\u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u06cc\u0646<\/a> \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0648 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u06f3-\u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647-\u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%DB%B3_%D9%87%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%AA\"><\/span>\u06f3. \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a (Opportunity Cost) \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0634\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f \u067e\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f: \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0635\u0631\u0641\u200c\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06f1\u06f0\u06f0 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/crypto-price\/btc-price\" type=\"link\" id=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/crypto-price\/btc-price\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u06cc\u0646<\/a> \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a. \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u061b \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0637\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0633\u06a9\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0633\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u06cc\u0639\u0647 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u06f4-\u06a9\u0634\u0634-\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a\u06cc-\u062f\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f\u06cc-\u0648-\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639-\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627-\u0648-\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%DB%B4_%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%B4_%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%88_%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B9_%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A7_%D9%88_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B6%D9%87\"><\/span>\u06f4. \u06a9\u0634\u0634 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06a9\u0634\u0634 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627 (Price elasticity of demand) \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0686\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0634\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u06a9\u0634\u0634\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u200c\u06a9\u0634\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06a9\u0634\u0634 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a\u06cc \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 (Price elasticity of supply) \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0634\u0634\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u200c\u06a9\u0634\u0634\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u200c\u06a9\u0634\u0634\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u061b \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u06cc\u0627 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u060c \u06af\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0634\u0634\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0634\u0634 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u06a9\u0634\u0634 \u062f\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627<\/strong>: \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0686\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u06a9\u0634\u0634 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627<\/strong>: \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0686\u0647 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0686\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0647\u0648\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0634\u0634 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0645\u0648 (FOMO) \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u06f5-\u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647-\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641-\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%DB%B5_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%81%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87\"><\/span>\u06f5. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 (Consumer Theory) \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0648\u062f\u062c\u0647<\/strong>: \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0648\u062f\u062c\u0647 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u062e\u0631\u062f\u061b \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062e\u0637 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u062c\u0647<\/strong> (Budget Line): \u062e\u0637 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u062c\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0648 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0686\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc<\/strong> (Indifference Curve): \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/budget-line-and-in-Indifference-Curve-Consumer-Theory-copy.webp\" alt=\"\u062e\u0637 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u062c\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u06cc \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647\" class=\"wp-image-20648\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/budget-line-and-in-Indifference-Curve-Consumer-Theory-copy.webp 1536w, https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/budget-line-and-in-Indifference-Curve-Consumer-Theory-copy-768x512.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u062e\u0637 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u062c\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0637 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u061b \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u06f6-\u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647-\u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f-\u0648-\u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647-\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u0628\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%DB%B6_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D9%88_%D9%87%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87\"><\/span>\u06f6. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f (Producer Theory) \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a<\/strong>: \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u061b \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631<\/strong>: \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u061b \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0632\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a\u06cc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/strong>: \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0634\u062f\u0647.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong>: \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062f\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong>: \u062f\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u06f7-\u0639\u062f\u0645-\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646-\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%DB%B7_%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA\"><\/span>\u06f7. \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a (Information Asymmetry) \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u062e \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"780\" height=\"615\" src=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Market-for-Lemons.webp\" alt=\"\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u060c Lemon \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0648\u0628 \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u060c \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.\" class=\"wp-image-20469\" style=\"width:548px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Market-for-Lemons.webp 780w, https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Market-for-Lemons-768x606.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u060c Lemon \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0648\u0628 \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u060c \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u00ab\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0627\u00bb \u06cc\u0627 Market for Lemons \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0622\u06a9\u0631\u0644\u0648\u0641 (George Akerlof) \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062d \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u060c Lemon \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0648\u0628 \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u060c \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0622\u06a9\u0631\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0634\u0645\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0645\u067e \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u067e \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u06af \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f: <a href=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/learn\/digital-currency-scam\/\" type=\"post\" id=\"2044\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639-\u0645\u062f\u0644-\u0648-\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631-\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631-\u062f\u0631-\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f-\u062e\u0631\u062f\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%84_%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%AF\"><\/span>\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0686\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 (Perfect Competition)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 (Monopoly)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631\u06cc (Monopolistic Competition)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06af\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647 (Oligopoly)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a-\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84\"><\/span>\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 (Perfect Competition) \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0636\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0628\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1431\" height=\"881\" src=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/perfect-competition.webp\" alt=\"\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f\" class=\"wp-image-20522\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/perfect-competition.webp 1431w, https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/perfect-competition-768x473.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1431px) 100vw, 1431px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0686\u067e\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0632 P \u0628\u0647 P\u00b9 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0634 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u061b \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635 \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u00ab\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u00bb \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u061b \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631-\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84\"><\/span>\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc (Monopoly) \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u062e \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0648\u062f\u061b \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0642\u0628\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"591\" height=\"466\" src=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/monopoly-graph-of-microeconomic.webp\" alt=\"\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\" class=\"wp-image-20518\" style=\"width:600px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627 (Q1) \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a P \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634\u062f. \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0646\u06af \u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc (\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc) \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f\u061b \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 Deadweight Loss \u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0628\u062e\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a-\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631\u06cc\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C\"><\/span>\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631\u06cc <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631\u06cc (Monopolistic Competition) \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0631\u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u00ab\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u00bb \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u061b \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"815\" height=\"680\" src=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/monopolistic-competition.webp\" alt=\"microeconomics-monopolistic competition\" class=\"wp-image-20527\" style=\"width:600px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/monopolistic-competition.webp 815w, https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/monopolistic-competition-768x641.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 815px) 100vw, 815px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f (Q\u2080) \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc (MC) \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc (MR) \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627 (AR) \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0627\u06a9\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u060c \u0631\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0639\u0636\u06cc \u0627\u067e\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u061b \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0627\u063a \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u00ab\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u00bb \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u061b \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0632\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0642\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0632\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0632\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u061b \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06af\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc-\u06cc\u0627-\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631-\u0686\u0646\u062f\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C_%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1_%DA%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%87\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06af\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647 <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06af\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc (Oligopoly) \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0639\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Oligopoly-Graph-2.webp\" alt=\"\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06af\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f\" class=\"wp-image-20530\" style=\"width:600px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Oligopoly-Graph-2.webp 1000w, https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Oligopoly-Graph-2-768x614.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u06cc D \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627\u060c Marginal Revenue \u062f\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 MC \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f. \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 (MC Upper \/ MC Lower)\u060c \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a (P) \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f (Q) \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0647\u0648\u0627\u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06af\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06af\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u061b \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a. \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0632\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a-\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631-market-failure-\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc-\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631-\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628-\u0646\u0645\u06cc-\u062f\u0647\u062f\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1_Market_Failure%D8%9B_%D9%88%D9%82%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%D9%85%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%AF\"><\/span>\u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 (Market Failure)\u061b \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u0635 \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0622\u0644 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646-\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u062a\u06af\u06cc-externality\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE%D8%AA%DA%AF%DB%8C_Externality\"><\/span>\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u062a\u06af\u06cc (Externality)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u062e \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u06a9\u0633 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc (Negative Externality)<\/strong>: \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0632\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<br>\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u067e\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u062f. \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0622\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a (Positive Externality)<\/strong>: \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0631\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<br>\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0632\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f (\u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u0639\u06cc). \u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0632 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u067e\u0631\u0633) \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u0648 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C\"><\/span>\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0686\u0631\u0627\u063a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f. \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0686\u0631\u0627\u063a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u061b \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u0647\u06af\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f.                         <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f-\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc-\u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a-\u0648-\u0686\u0647-\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc-\u0628\u0627-\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f-\u062e\u0631\u062f-\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u06a9-\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%88_%DA%86%D9%87_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%9F\"><\/span>\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0686\u0647 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u061f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f\u061b \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0633\u0646\u062c\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc (Behavioral economics) \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0637\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u0647\u0646\u06cc \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc (Herd Mentality) \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84\"><\/span>\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0631\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 <a href=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/learn\/digital-currency-fundamental-analysis-training\/\" type=\"post\" id=\"6586\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc<\/a> \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f\u061b \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0647\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0641\u0648\u0645\u0648 (FOMO)<\/strong>: \u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u06a9\u0634\u0634 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0632\u060c \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u061b \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a \u0633\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0641\u0627\u062f (FUD)<\/strong>: \u062a\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f: <a href=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/learn\/sentiment-analysis\/\" type=\"post\" id=\"11912\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0639\u0635\u0628 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u200c\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u060c \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0627\u0632\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u062a\u0639\u0635\u0628 \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0645\u0633\u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u062a\u0626\u0648\u0631\u06cc-\u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc-\u0647\u0627-game-theory-\u062f\u0631-\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f-\u062e\u0631\u062f\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AA%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7_Game_Theory_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%AF\"><\/span>\u062a\u0626\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 (Game Theory) \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/game-theory-and-its-use.jpg\" alt=\"\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f\" class=\"wp-image-20653\" style=\"width:793px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0626\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0698\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u061b \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0626\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0628\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0631\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0632\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0641\u0627\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u06a9 \u0686\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u0626\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0646\u062c\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a <a href=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/learn\/slashing\/\" type=\"post\" id=\"18801\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0634<\/a> \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u062a\u0626\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f: <a href=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/learn\/validator\/\" type=\"post\" id=\"18815\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0646\u062c (Validator) \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a<\/a>\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C\"><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc (Prisoner\u2019s Dilemma) \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0636\u0639\u06cc\u0641\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0641\u00bb \u0648 \u00ab\u0628\u00bb \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0631\u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u062f<\/strong> (\u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0648\u062f)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u062f<\/strong> (\u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0648\u062f)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0628<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u062a<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u062a<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u06f1 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u062a<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628 \u06f5 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u062a<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0628 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641 \u06f5 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u06f3 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 <strong>\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u062f<\/strong> \u2190 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0645.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 <strong>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u062f<\/strong> \u2190 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062c\u0627\u06cc \u06f5 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u06f3 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u067e\u0633 \u0647\u0631 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0633\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u00ab\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u200c\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.\u00bb \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 <strong>\u06f3 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/strong> \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0633\u06a9\u0648\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0637 <strong>\u06f1 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/strong> \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0644\u0632\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u062c\u0646\u06af \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627:<\/strong> \u062f\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0648\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u061b \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0631\u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631\u0633\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u06cc\u062d\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627:<\/strong> \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0647\u06cc\u0686\u200c\u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0646\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631\u0633\u062f\u061b \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u06cc\u0632\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0641\u062a \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u062e \u0646\u062f\u0647\u062f\u061b \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631\u0633\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u062f: \u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635-\u0647\u0627-\u0648-\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644-\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f-\u062e\u0631\u062f\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B5%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%AF\"><\/span>\u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/file.sarmayex.com\/blog\/2024\/03\/59-1024x576.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0644\" class=\"wp-image-3895\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/59-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/59-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/59-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/59-585x329.webp 585w, https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/59.webp 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 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class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a-\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u06cc-\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1\"><\/span>\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a 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\u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0627\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 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\u0647\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644-\u0647\u06cc\u0631\u0634\u0645\u0646 (HHI)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u0647\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644-\u0647\u06cc\u0631\u0634\u0645\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 HHI \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u062c\u0634 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u06cc\u062f. \u0647\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u062f HHI \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c HHI \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0636\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1886\" height=\"834\" data-id=\"20488\" src=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/HERFINDAHL-HIRSCHMANiNDEX.webp\" alt=\"\u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u0647\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644-\u0647\u06cc\u0631\u0634\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f\" class=\"wp-image-20488\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/HERFINDAHL-HIRSCHMANiNDEX.webp 1886w, https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/HERFINDAHL-HIRSCHMANiNDEX-768x340.webp 768w, https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/HERFINDAHL-HIRSCHMANiNDEX-1536x679.webp 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1886px) 100vw, 1886px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0686\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u06cc\u0641 \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644-\u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc-\u0648-\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644-\u06a9\u0644\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84_%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%84\"><\/span>\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 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\u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0631\u062f\u061b \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u0648 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627 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\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627: \u00ab\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.\u00bb \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u00ab\u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u00bb \u0635\u062d\u0628\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627: \u00ab\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06af\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.\u00bb \u0627\u06cc\u0646 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class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f-\u062e\u0631\u062f-\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc-\u06a9\u0633\u0628-\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7\"><\/span>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 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id=\"h-\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f-\u062e\u0631\u062f-\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc-\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645-\u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc-\u062f\u0631-\u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc-\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0645\u0631\u0647-\u0648-\u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647-\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C\"><\/span>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc 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class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f-\u062e\u0631\u062f-\u062f\u0631-\u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc-\u0627\u0631\u0632-\u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84\"><\/span>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0626\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u200c\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0633-tokenomics-\u0628\u0647-\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646-\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f-\u062e\u0631\u062f-\u0631\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0632\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3_Tokenomics_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2\"><\/span>\u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0633 (Tokenomics) \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0632<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0633 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0646 \u0686\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0646 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0631\u062e \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0686\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0633 \u0622\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u06cc\u0641 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647-\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f-\u0628\u06cc\u062a-\u06a9\u0648\u06cc\u0646-\u0648-\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646-\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B6%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%88_%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A7\"><\/span>\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u06a9\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u061b \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u0634 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f: <a href=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/learn\/interest-rate\/\" type=\"post\" id=\"15367\">\u0646\u0631\u062e \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a Interest Rate \u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0632\u0631\u0648 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0645\u200c\u06a9\u0634\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u06af\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0645-\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a-\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc-\u062f\u0631-\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc-\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632-amm\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85_%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B2_AMM\"><\/span>\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0645 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 (AMM)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/learn\/decentralized-exchange\/\" type=\"post\" id=\"6645\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632<\/a>\u060c \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 AMM \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/landing\/liquidity-pool\" type=\"link\" id=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/landing\/liquidity-pool\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u06cc<\/a> \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0647\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631 \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u06cc\u067e\u06cc\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u0646\u0642\u0634-\u0646\u0647\u0646\u06af-\u0647\u0627-\u062f\u0631-\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f-\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631-\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B4_%D9%86%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1\"><\/span>\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0646\u0647\u0646\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sarmayex.com\/college\/learn\/what-is-crypto-whale\/\" type=\"post\" id=\"2037\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0646\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0627\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644<\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc\u0641 \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f. 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id=\"%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C\"><\/span>\u062c\u0645\u0639\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. 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id=\"%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84\"><\/span>\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1779185344319\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0686\u0647\u061f<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u061b \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c 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\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u061b \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u0627\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u062f.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1779185379477\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u0686\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u061f<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0622\u0646 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f. \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1779185396887\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">\u06a9\u0634\u0634 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u06a9\u0634\u0634 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0686\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0634\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f\u060c \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0634\u0634\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1779185423799\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">\u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645. \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u06a9\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0637\u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1779185446700\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u061f<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06af\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1779185461256\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0686\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u061f<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0637\u0645\u0639 \u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u0647\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06a9\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1779185483072\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u061f<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">\u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0648 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0645.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f (Microeconomics) \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0628\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0642\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u0645. \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":20746,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,74],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20451","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-learn","category-economy"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is 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